Ancient Egyptian civilization
Ancient Egyptian civilization:
The deserts provided natural protection against foreign invaders and the early Egyptian settlers enjoyed many years of freedom from attack during which they could build a society of their own.
The river Nile was the lifeblood of ancient Egypt, every year the river with unfailing predictability overflowed and deposited rich black soil along each bank.
It inspired the ancient Egyptian to build a magnificent temple, tombs, and monuments.
Historians usually divide the history of ancient Egypt into three categories, The Old Kingdom (2686 to 2200 BC), The Middle kingdom from (2200 to 1800 BC) and The New kingdom from (1600 to 1100 BC). The earliest known settlers in ancient Egypt was in villages established over 5000 years ago.
The ways of Menace a two feet high palette dates back to 3100 BC, is perhaps the earliest record of Egyptian ‘hieroglyphic’ writing.
It depicts the struggles of king Menace to conquer lower Egypt where he is clubbing an enemy. King menace also established the first Egyptian dynasty which followed a series of rulers in the same family.
The first national government was established, the Ox driven plough was invented and a system of writing called ‘Hieroglyphics’ different from the Sumerian ‘Cuneiform’ developed.
Hieroglyphic means sacred carvings, it is called so because at first the written language was only used for religious work. The hieroglyphic system uses pictorial signs to represent ideas and sounds.
Each sign represents an object or an associated idea or a word with a similar sound.
Papyrus is the origin of the English word ‘Paper’ and Papyrus is a plant is a river read. The pit of the papyrus plant was cut into strips of equal length and placed side by side.
These were covered in cloth and bounded with heavy stones or mallets into smooth sheets. The papyrus was then polished to give a smooth flat surface on which scribe wrote in ink.
Black ink was made by mixing soot and water and the colored ink from special colored powder. The Egyptians made scrolls of their papyrus writing.
However, these scrolls were not as convenient to read as books. There were many different ways to write hieroglyphics, for instance, they could be written from top to bottom, left to right, or right to left.
If an animal faced right you read from right to left and if it’s faced left you to read left to right.
There are very few places on the face of this planet which fascinates us because of their sheer presence or existence.
Egypt is a large country located in the eastern part of the Sahara desert in North Africa.
The valley of Nile is a narrow strip of fertile land stretching throughout the length of the country, 600 miles from north to south.
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| Ancient Egyptian civilization |
This vast country is bordered by deserts on the east, west as well as south. The Mediterranean Sea lies in the north of Egypt.
The deserts provided natural protection against foreign invaders and the early Egyptian settlers enjoyed many years of freedom from attack during which they could build a society of their own.
The river Nile was the lifeblood of ancient Egypt, every year the river with unfailing predictability overflowed and deposited rich black soil along each bank.
This enabled farmers to raise two or three harvests each year. The also provided water for irrigation and served as ancient Egypt’s main transportation route. In 440 BC the Greek historian Herodotus called Egypt the gift of the Nile, an expression that people use till date.
The growth of the ancient Egypt civilization was sparked by the religious belief that the survival of the preserved dead body was a guarantee of life beyond death.
The growth of the ancient Egypt civilization was sparked by the religious belief that the survival of the preserved dead body was a guarantee of life beyond death.
It inspired the ancient Egyptian to build a magnificent temple, tombs, and monuments.
Historians usually divide the history of ancient Egypt into three categories, The Old Kingdom (2686 to 2200 BC), The Middle kingdom from (2200 to 1800 BC) and The New kingdom from (1600 to 1100 BC). The earliest known settlers in ancient Egypt was in villages established over 5000 years ago.
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| Ancient Egyptian Art |
By 3400 BC the villages became part of two main kingdoms in Egypt. In Lower Egypt, in the Nile valley delta and upper Egypt, these two kingdoms were united in 3100 BC, when ‘king Menis’ of upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt and founded the national capital ‘Memphis’.
The ways of Menace a two feet high palette dates back to 3100 BC, is perhaps the earliest record of Egyptian ‘hieroglyphic’ writing.
It depicts the struggles of king Menace to conquer lower Egypt where he is clubbing an enemy. King menace also established the first Egyptian dynasty which followed a series of rulers in the same family.
The reigning king was supposed to be the incarnation of the falcon-headed sky God Horus and hence divine. The Egyptian civilization thus began in 3100 BC during the rule of dynasty one and dynasty two.
The first national government was established, the Ox driven plough was invented and a system of writing called ‘Hieroglyphics’ different from the Sumerian ‘Cuneiform’ developed.
Hieroglyphic means sacred carvings, it is called so because at first the written language was only used for religious work. The hieroglyphic system uses pictorial signs to represent ideas and sounds.
Each sign represents an object or an associated idea or a word with a similar sound.
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| the-Great-Sphinx-of-Giza |
The Egyptians also discovered a writing surface much superior to the clay tablets of Mesopotamia called Papyrus.
Papyrus is the origin of the English word ‘Paper’ and Papyrus is a plant is a river read. The pit of the papyrus plant was cut into strips of equal length and placed side by side.
These were covered in cloth and bounded with heavy stones or mallets into smooth sheets. The papyrus was then polished to give a smooth flat surface on which scribe wrote in ink.
Black ink was made by mixing soot and water and the colored ink from special colored powder. The Egyptians made scrolls of their papyrus writing.
However, these scrolls were not as convenient to read as books. There were many different ways to write hieroglyphics, for instance, they could be written from top to bottom, left to right, or right to left.
If an animal faced right you read from right to left and if it’s faced left you to read left to right.
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